Process of Movement
Movement is one of the most important and necessary processes for a grizzly bear. Movement can help in dangerous situations such as:
Movement is not possible without three vital systems:
With these three different systems, locomotion (the ability to move) can be achieved. The skeletal system will support the body in environment, protect organs inside the body, and support the movement done by the skeletal muscles (by exerting that contraction from the muscles to the environment - jumping, swimming and any physical movement).
The muscular system will conduct simple actions (pushing and pulling), working in antagonistic pairs with bones to move. Lastly, the nervous system tells the muscles to contract. Because of these three systems, locomotion is achieved.
- Defending against dangers (predators, natural disasters)
- Catching prey
- Finding necessities
Movement is not possible without three vital systems:
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
With these three different systems, locomotion (the ability to move) can be achieved. The skeletal system will support the body in environment, protect organs inside the body, and support the movement done by the skeletal muscles (by exerting that contraction from the muscles to the environment - jumping, swimming and any physical movement).
The muscular system will conduct simple actions (pushing and pulling), working in antagonistic pairs with bones to move. Lastly, the nervous system tells the muscles to contract. Because of these three systems, locomotion is achieved.
Skeletal
The skeletal system allows the animal to be supported in sudden changes of support in different environments. Examples are in water when different organism's bodies are made lighter (archimedes force). Another example is in land and air when the body is not supported as if in the water.
As shown in the diagram above, the grizzly bear's skeletal structure is a like to that of a dog or wolf, in where the snout is narrow and their neck is long. Though this is the case, the grizzly bear walks more like a human. Usually mammals walk on their toes (digitigrade) which helps them walk fast. But the grizzly bear puts it foot sole down on the ground just like a human.
The grizzly's hands are big enough to used for catching animals, attacking predators and protecting itself. The legs are also very short but strong enough to support the big body that it has. Both the hands and feet of the grizzly have phalanges which just like many bones of the grizzly, can be found in human anatomy.
Like most living things, a skeleton is a vital system. The skeletal system's process is to do three things, protect, support and provide movement for the body.
There are three types of important joints:
There are immovable joints, which are used for solid casings for organs. For example, the skull in which it protects the brain and many other important body parts within it. Slightly movable joints, which are flexible enough to change position, but still very solid to keep structure. e.g. the grizzly's vertebrae. Lastly freely movable joints which are used to be regularly moved, such as those for the grizzly's legs (knee). Without joints, the legs and hands of the grizzly bear will not be able to pursue its purpose. (Grabbing, bending, flexing)
As shown in the diagram above, the grizzly bear's skeletal structure is a like to that of a dog or wolf, in where the snout is narrow and their neck is long. Though this is the case, the grizzly bear walks more like a human. Usually mammals walk on their toes (digitigrade) which helps them walk fast. But the grizzly bear puts it foot sole down on the ground just like a human.
The grizzly's hands are big enough to used for catching animals, attacking predators and protecting itself. The legs are also very short but strong enough to support the big body that it has. Both the hands and feet of the grizzly have phalanges which just like many bones of the grizzly, can be found in human anatomy.
Like most living things, a skeleton is a vital system. The skeletal system's process is to do three things, protect, support and provide movement for the body.
- Protect
- Support
- Move
There are three types of important joints:
There are immovable joints, which are used for solid casings for organs. For example, the skull in which it protects the brain and many other important body parts within it. Slightly movable joints, which are flexible enough to change position, but still very solid to keep structure. e.g. the grizzly's vertebrae. Lastly freely movable joints which are used to be regularly moved, such as those for the grizzly's legs (knee). Without joints, the legs and hands of the grizzly bear will not be able to pursue its purpose. (Grabbing, bending, flexing)
There are also three types of bones, long, irregular and fused. Long bones are bones which are high in length and strength. Muscles are powered and attached to these bones (e.g. arm, leg). Irregular bones are irregularly shaped (e.g. vertebrae) and fused bones are bones which are joined together (e.g. ankle bones).
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Specialized Cells -
In every single bone, there is a special material called bone marrow. This bone marrow produces blood cells. Red blood cells - These cells are one of the most important cells in the body. They are the cells which transport oxygen from the lungs to the different parts of the body. White blood cells - These cells are important in the immune system of all organisms. These white blood cells help to defend against diseases. |
Muscular
The muscular system is the most important part of the movement process. Without muscles, the skeleton won't move and the nervous system has nothing to control. There are three types of muscles: Visceral (found in organs) , cardiac (found only in the heart) and skeletal (on the bones).
The only type of muscle controlled directly by the nervous system is the skeletal muscles. These kinds of muscles stick to the bones using a string material called tendons or generally called nerves. The tendons tell the skeletal muscles to contract or relax. The brain will give this command out and is transmitted from the brain to the spinal cord and then to the nerves connected to it (muscles).
Usually, the skeletal muscles don't work by themselves. They work in pairs called antagonistic muscles. The muscles go against each other - with one contracting and one relaxing. Using tendons and ligaments, this movement is done and the force is exerted to the environment - causing the grizzly's body to move.
Specialized Cells-
The only type of muscle controlled directly by the nervous system is the skeletal muscles. These kinds of muscles stick to the bones using a string material called tendons or generally called nerves. The tendons tell the skeletal muscles to contract or relax. The brain will give this command out and is transmitted from the brain to the spinal cord and then to the nerves connected to it (muscles).
Usually, the skeletal muscles don't work by themselves. They work in pairs called antagonistic muscles. The muscles go against each other - with one contracting and one relaxing. Using tendons and ligaments, this movement is done and the force is exerted to the environment - causing the grizzly's body to move.
Specialized Cells-
Cardiac- Cardiac muscle cells are only located in the heart, explaining the name 'cardiac muscles'. Its job is to control the automatic pumping of the heart, being directly controlled by the nervous system. It has a rectangular shape. (Involuntary)
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Smooth- Smooth muscle cells are found inside organs of the bodies of organisms. They are what make organs move and do what they do. For example, in digestion the smooth muscle cells are what push food down. (Involuntary)
Skeletal- These muscles are the most vital in the locomotion partnership. These muscles are directly controlled to the nervous system (Central Nervous Part) and are attached to bones. The skeletal muscles are what enables us to move as it does contracting and relaxing movements. (Voluntary)
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Nervous
The nervous system is the control system of all living things. The nervous system's main part is the central nervous system (CNS) which consists of the brain and the spinal cord (which runs down the vertebrae) From the brain, signals are sent down through the spinal cord, down to all the nerves. Once processed, these nerves send the signals to the connected muscles and then the muscles complete the action.
The second part of the nervous system is the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This essentially is the system which connects the muscles to the CNS - in fact we can call it the bridge to the brain and to the muscles.
If the grizzly bear also detects damage or pain, pain receptors in the skin can tell the CNS what to do (tell which muscle to move).
The second part of the nervous system is the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This essentially is the system which connects the muscles to the CNS - in fact we can call it the bridge to the brain and to the muscles.
If the grizzly bear also detects damage or pain, pain receptors in the skin can tell the CNS what to do (tell which muscle to move).
Sensory, Motor and Response
Neurons can be sub divided into 3 different groups,sensory, motor and response. Sensory neurons are what converts external stimuli (outside feelings such as touch) into internal signals/impulses which are then sent to the brain. As we touch something with ou hands, dendrites from the sensory nerves convert this touch to impulses which enables us to feel. Motor neurons are neurons located in the vertebrae and and are in charge of telling muscle fibers to contract and relax. Response neurons are what connects the sensory and motor neurons together. They also translate the signals so that it can be sent to the brain and back to the motor neuron. |
Specialized Cells-
Neurons- The most important part of the nervous system. It is the connector between the CNS to the muscles of the body. A metaphorical way to try envision how this cell works is a telephone pole. The telephone pole connects the source of electricity, to our houses. The Neuron cell is what connects the electricity (Signals or commands from the brain) to houses (muscles). |